The Government of India has provided comprehensive insights into the impact of overfishing by large mechanised fishing operations, highlighting key trends in marine fisheries and sustainability efforts, according to an official press release.
As of now, there are 64,414 mechanised fishing vessels operating across India, with significant concentrations in Gujarat, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and other coastal States and Union Territories. These vessels contribute the bulk of India’s marine fish catch, which has steadily grown over the past five years, reinforcing the sector’s support to millions of families dependent on fishing for livelihood.
Data from studies cited by the Government reveal that 91.1 per cent of the 135 major commercial fish stocks assessed in Indian waters remain sustainable, according to research by the ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI). This reflects effective monitoring and management efforts in coastal ecosystems.
To further promote sustainable practices, the Department of Fisheries, Government of India conducts periodic National Marine Fisheries Censuses in collaboration with ICAR-CMFRI and the Fishery Survey of India (FSI). The latest census, MFC 2025, was launched on World Fisheries Day in November 2024, and is aimed at generating accurate socio-economic data to guide policy and governance.
The Government continues to implement a uniform fishing ban for 61 days annually in the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) along both coasts to safeguard fish stocks and ensure long-term ecological balance. States and UTs also enforce corresponding bans within territorial waters in alignment with national policy.
Under the Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY), additional measures have been introduced — including support for sea ranching, installation of artificial reefs, mariculture, seaweed cultivation and open sea cage culture — to enhance stocks and reduce pressure on nearshore fisheries. Livelihood support for traditional fishers during lean periods and insurance coverage for active fishers are also part of the scheme’s holistic approach.
The Government’s focus remains on balancing marine resource utilisation with sustainability goals while strengthening the resilience and economic well-being of fishing communities nationwide.